Certificate of Origin (CO) — Definition & 2025 Compliance Guidelines Updated Dec 2025
Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), World Customs Organization (WCO), WinsBS Research (2025). This guide outlines the importance of Certificates of Origin in global trade, the process of certification, and its compliance requirements for U.S. importers.
Industry Standard Definition
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Certificate of Origin (CO) is a declaration that certifies the country of origin of goods being exported. This document is often required by customs authorities to determine the tariffs, trade restrictions, and preferential treatment under trade agreements (such as USMCA, WTO agreements).
— U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 2025
Compliance Requirements (2025)
In global trade, obtaining and providing an accurate Certificate of Origin (CO) is crucial for complying with import/export regulations. This document is used to determine tariff classifications, applicable duties, and eligibility for preferential trade programs.
Key Considerations for CO Compliance
- HTS Code Classification: The CO can affect the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) code, which determines the tariff rate for imports.
- Trade Agreement Benefits: The CO is necessary to prove eligibility for preferential trade agreements (e.g., USMCA, GSP).
- Documentation Requirements: Exporters must provide a CO when goods are subject to duties or trade restrictions. The document must align with the requirements of the importing country.
Regional Variations — CO Rules
View Regional Variations
| Region | Local Term | Key Compliance Aspect |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Certificate of Origin | Required for goods eligible for preferential tariffs under trade agreements like USMCA. |
| European Union | EUR.1 Certificate | Used for claiming preferential tariff rates under the EU’s free trade agreements. |
| China | CO Declaration | Mandatory for customs clearance, determining eligibility for trade benefits. |
Expert Analysis — WinsBS Research
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Maxwell Anderson, Editor-in-Chief & Data Director, WinsBS Research:
“A Certificate of Origin is more than just a trade document—it’s essential for complying with U.S. import laws. With the introduction of additional screening mechanisms, like UFLPA for China-origin goods, failure to provide accurate COs can result in detention, fines, and delays in goods clearance.”
Critical Risk Terms (2025)
CO FAQ — Common Questions
What is the purpose of a Certificate of Origin?
The Certificate of Origin (CO) certifies the country of origin of goods and is required for determining tariffs, eligibility for trade agreements, and ensuring compliance with U.S. customs regulations.
How do I obtain a Certificate of Origin?
A CO can be obtained from the manufacturer or a third-party certifying agency. It must be completed correctly to ensure compliance with international trade laws and customs requirements.
What happens if my Certificate of Origin is incorrect?
An incorrect CO can result in customs delays, fines, or penalties. In some cases, goods may be seized, or additional duties may be imposed on the imported goods.
WinsBS Blog Insights
CO Compliance & UFLPA Risk Management: Ensuring Smooth Imports
Learn how ensuring Certificate of Origin accuracy can help mitigate risks related to UFLPA, avoiding detention of goods during customs clearance.
Read Full Guide →
The Impact of CO on U.S. Tariff Classifications
Explore how the Certificate of Origin affects HTS codes and tariff classifications for imported goods, ensuring smooth customs processing.
Read Full Guide →
Navigating Certificate of Origin for Global Trade Compliance
Understanding the role of Certificate of Origin in ensuring compliance with global trade regulations, and how it impacts customs and preferential tariff treatments.
Read Full Guide →Content Attribution & License
Definitions are shared under the CC BY-SA 4.0 License.
* Information verified as of December 2025. WinsBS Research assumes no liability for policy changes after publication.
